{
  "measurement": "citation-data-by-platform",
  "date": "2026-08-03",
  "question": "Which scholarly platforms declare citation data a reader can actually use, and which route gives the most complete record?",
  "method": {
    "endpoint": "https://provinglab.dev/mcp",
    "tool": "extract_citation",
    "platforms": 18,
    "verification": "Every returned title was checked against Crossref via its DOI.",
    "note": "One platform (Europe PMC) timed out after 55 s and is counted as no result, not as a failure of the platform."
  },
  "results": {
    "returned_data": 11,
    "complete_authors_and_year": 10,
    "title_matched_crossref": 8,
    "per_platform": [
      {
        "platform": "PubMed",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27741350/",
        "returned": true,
        "authors": 2,
        "year": "2017",
        "doi": true,
        "pages": false,
        "issn": true,
        "seconds": 0.52,
        "reason": null
      },
      {
        "platform": "PMC",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10418250/",
        "returned": true,
        "authors": 4,
        "year": "2020",
        "doi": true,
        "pages": true,
        "issn": false,
        "seconds": 0.46,
        "reason": null
      },
      {
        "platform": "Europe PMC",
        "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/27741350",
        "returned": false,
        "authors": null,
        "year": null,
        "doi": null,
        "pages": null,
        "issn": null,
        "seconds": 55.49,
        "reason": "Remote end closed connection w"
      },
      {
        "platform": "Springer",
        "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-012-0062-0",
        "returned": true,
        "authors": 5,
        "year": "2013",
        "doi": true,
        "pages": true,
        "issn": true,
        "seconds": 1.01,
        "reason": null
      },
      {
        "platform": "PLOS",
        "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0287153",
        "returned": true,
        "authors": 2,
        "year": "2023",
        "doi": true,
        "pages": true,
        "issn": true,
        "seconds": 1.45,
        "reason": null
      },
      {
        "platform": "BMC",
        "url": "https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-16556-0",
        "returned": true,
        "authors": 6,
        "year": "2023",
        "doi": true,
        "pages": true,
        "issn": true,
        "seconds": 0.91,
        "reason": null
      },
      {
        "platform": "Nature",
        "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-38000-4",
        "returned": true,
        "authors": 13,
        "year": "2023",
        "doi": true,
        "pages": true,
        "issn": true,
        "seconds": 0.98,
        "reason": null
      },
      {
        "platform": "Frontiers",
        "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618509/full",
        "returned": false,
        "authors": null,
        "year": null,
        "doi": null,
        "pages": null,
        "issn": null,
        "seconds": 0.68,
        "reason": "The server answered 404 Not Found."
      },
      {
        "platform": "arXiv",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762",
        "returned": true,
        "authors": 8,
        "year": "2017",
        "doi": false,
        "pages": false,
        "issn": false,
        "seconds": 0.21,
        "reason": null
      },
      {
        "platform": "bioRxiv",
        "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.01.522000v1",
        "returned": false,
        "authors": null,
        "year": null,
        "doi": null,
        "pages": null,
        "issn": null,
        "seconds": 0.71,
        "reason": "The only title the page declares i"
      },
      {
        "platform": "Zenodo",
        "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/10005281",
        "returned": true,
        "authors": 1,
        "year": "2023",
        "doi": true,
        "pages": false,
        "issn": false,
        "seconds": 0.51,
        "reason": null
      },
      {
        "platform": "SSOAR",
        "url": "https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/72281",
        "returned": false,
        "authors": null,
        "year": null,
        "doi": null,
        "pages": null,
        "issn": null,
        "seconds": 0.33,
        "reason": "The page looks like an error messa"
      },
      {
        "platform": "DOAJ",
        "url": "https://doaj.org/article/e0b0e0a41c1c4f0e9e1b1e1e1e1e1e1e",
        "returned": false,
        "authors": null,
        "year": null,
        "doi": null,
        "pages": null,
        "issn": null,
        "seconds": 0.14,
        "reason": "The server answered 403 Forbidden."
      },
      {
        "platform": "Wiley",
        "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jan.15234",
        "returned": true,
        "authors": 0,
        "year": "2022",
        "doi": true,
        "pages": true,
        "issn": true,
        "seconds": 0.41,
        "reason": null
      },
      {
        "platform": "MDPI",
        "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/2/167",
        "returned": false,
        "authors": null,
        "year": null,
        "doi": null,
        "pages": null,
        "issn": null,
        "seconds": 0.19,
        "reason": "The server answered 403 Forbidden."
      },
      {
        "platform": "ScienceDirect",
        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563223000626",
        "returned": false,
        "authors": null,
        "year": null,
        "doi": null,
        "pages": null,
        "issn": null,
        "seconds": 0.24,
        "reason": "The server answered 403 Forbidden."
      },
      {
        "platform": "DOI-Resolver",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4821",
        "returned": true,
        "authors": 2,
        "year": "2016",
        "doi": true,
        "pages": true,
        "issn": true,
        "seconds": 0.41,
        "reason": null
      },
      {
        "platform": "Wikipedia",
        "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexualtherapie",
        "returned": true,
        "authors": 1,
        "year": "2006",
        "doi": false,
        "pages": false,
        "issn": false,
        "seconds": 0.18,
        "reason": null
      }
    ]
  },
  "finding": "The DOI resolver returned the most complete record of all — authors, year, journal, volume, pages and ISSN — in 0.4 s, from a publisher page that refuses direct access. Where a DOI is known, resolving it beats visiting the article page.",
  "limits": [
    "Three publishers (MDPI, ScienceDirect, DOAJ) answer 403 to any server-side reader. That is their policy, not a defect here, and the browser extension reaches them.",
    "Pages and ISSN are missing where the platform does not declare them — PubMed omits page numbers on the abstract page. Nothing is filled in from elsewhere.",
    "18 platforms is a survey of the common ones, not a census."
  ],
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
}